- Year of approval: 1963
- Appointment: for fresh consumption, for fermentation
- Leaf rosette: half-raised
- Leaf size: large
- Leaf color: gray-green
- Sheet surface: finely wrinkled
- Outside stump: long
- Internal stump: medium to long
- Weight, kg: 3,0-3,5
- Taste qualities: excellent
At the moment, there are a large number of cabbage varieties on the market. New species are created every season. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to such characteristics as marketability, disease resistance, keeping quality, transportability, yield. Cabbage Zimovka 1474 has these characteristics at a high level.
Breeding history
The development of a new variety began back in the 30s of the XX century by scientists from the Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding. In 1937, an application was filed for admission to the cultivation of the obtained variety, but cabbage Zimovka 1474 was added to the State Register only in 1963.
Description of the variety
White cabbage variety is intended for outdoor cultivation. Culture has its positive qualities, which are as follows.
The culture is cold-resistant, the heads of cabbage can withstand temperature drops up to –6 ° С. High-yielding variety. Cabbage is unpretentious in care and undemanding to the composition of the soil.
Vegetables can be stored in a cool place for up to 8 months, which is a good indicator among other varieties of cabbage.
The culture has good and stable immunity, provided that all agronomic care has been followed correctly.
Summer residents do not write about the minuses, even in reviews. Therefore, many have the impression that the variety is ideal. But it will only be perfect if you take care of it properly.
Characteristics of the appearance of the plant and heads of cabbage
The leaf rosette is half-raised and slightly spreading; it is not very powerful formed. The leaves are quite large, and the middle ones have the following parameters: length - 40-50 cm, width - 30-45 cm. The leaf plate is round, finely wrinkled, grayish-green in color, with a thick layer of wax bloom. The edges are highly wavy.
The outer stump is usually long, while the inner stump can be medium or long.
The shape of the fruit is flat-round, with a diameter ranging from 75 to 122 cm. The tightly fitting inner leaves create additional compaction.
The average weight of a vegetable is 3-3.5 kg, the maximum weight of a head of cabbage is 5 kg. The color of the vegetable is green with a blue tint.
Purpose and taste
Cabbage has a universal purpose, so it can be eaten fresh, frozen, fermented. And also used as a side dish and in the preparation of soups. It tolerates heat treatment well.
The taste of the variety is very high. Cabbage contains 7-9.7% of dry matter, sugar - 4.9%, ascorbic acid - 42-66 mg per 100 g.
Ripening terms
The culture is late ripening. The period from germination to maturity is 160-180 days. The crop is harvested in October.
Yield
The minimum yield of cabbage is from 4 to 5.5 kg. Average - 10-12 kg per 1 m2. When harvested on plantations, the yield is 450-523 centners per hectare.
Growing regions
According to the State Register, the recommended regions for growing crops are: Central, Volgo-Vyatka, Middle Volga and Far Eastern.
Growing and caring
Many gardeners prefer to grow cabbage on their own, so they pre-harvest everything in advance. If you follow the lunar calendar, then a favorable sowing of cabbage falls on the period from 5 to 15 April.
To do this, it is necessary to prepare seedling boxes, pour the soil calcined in the oven into them. At this time, the seeds are processed in a weak manganese solution.To prevent blackleg and to stimulate growth, some gardeners recommend heat treatment. The material is first immersed in hot water for 10-15 minutes. The temperature should be 30-40 ° C. And then the seeds are cooled in the cold. After this procedure, they are laid out on a paper towel to dry.
A trench 1 cm deep is made in the soil, and the seeds are laid at a distance of 2 cm from each other. If you grow seedlings without further picking, then 2 to 4 seeds are placed in an individual cup.
After sowing, the boxes are covered with foil and removed to a warm place. The film should be removed 6-7 days after seed germination.
In the 20th of May, cabbage is planted in a permanent place in the ground. In the spring, it is best to re-dig the garden bed and add some minerals or growth stimulants to it. The landing pattern should be 70x50 cm.
Crop follow-up should include an irrigation schedule. This is approximately 2 liters per 1 head of cabbage. As it grows, the volume increases by 1-2 liters, and at the end of the season, the amount of water applied can be equal to 10 liters. But it is worth remembering that an excessive amount of water in the soil can lead to the formation of various diseases.
For one season, it is necessary to make about 5 dressings. It can be chicken droppings, mullein infusion, fermented green herb infusion. Dry wood ash can be scattered every 14 days.
Harvest cabbage dry, in October. For long-term storage in winter, it is not recommended to trim the outer stump. It will be necessary to hang a head of cabbage for it.
In the room where the cabbage will be stored, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of -3 ° C.
To grow a rich cabbage crop, you need to know when and how to plant this crop outdoors. Planting dates are determined depending on the variety. It is also necessary to properly prepare the soil and follow the rules of crop rotation.
Cabbage requires particularly careful care when growing. The plant quickly absorbs nutrients, so the soil needs to be enriched regularly. Adequate amounts of minerals, organics and nitrogen must be provided. Some products can be purchased at the store, while others are easy to make at home.
Disease and pest resistance
With proper care, Zimovka 1474 cabbage is not attacked by pests or insects.
Most often, the culture is attacked by the black leg, which lives in the soil. The fungus appears due to waterlogging and multiplies rapidly. Causes decay of the root collar, and it begins to deform and gradually rot. It is best to remove and burn the diseased plant immediately. And spill neighboring heads of cabbage with potassium permanganate.
Mucous bacteriosis. Distributed on the very head of cabbage. First, during infection, the covering leaves begin to turn black from the edge, then they are covered with a moist bloom and begin to exude an unpleasant odor. Further, this process can be transmitted to the whole cabbage, which will lead to complete decay. It is necessary to remove the cabbage and treat everything with the Trichodermin chemical.
Cabbage fly.An insect that lays its eggs in the ground, and then the hatched larvae begin to eat first the root system, and then the stump. Cabbage begins to slow down development, decrease in growth. And with complete defeat, the head of cabbage rots inside and becomes soft. To prevent the disease, you can spray the soil with a mixture of tobacco and lime. The preparation "Bazudin" is suitable for spraying.
Slugs are thick caterpillars that attack cabbage leaves. Most often, they are determined by through holes, and shiny sticky mucus becomes noticeable on the leaf plate. All affected leaves turn yellow and then die off. If the focus is small, then the pests can be collected manually, and between the rows everything can be sprinkled with sawdust - it will be difficult for slugs to move along it. Of the chemicals, it is necessary to use a solution of copper sulfate.
Aphid. Small green insects that feed on sap. The leaves gradually begin to lose their green pigment, turning yellow. The edges begin to dry out and curl inward. The head of cabbage loses its elasticity. At the first stage, you can get rid of aphids using a solution of garlic or tobacco - they should be sprayed on the beds. In case of severe damage, it is better to use insecticides ("Iskra-M", "Senpai").
Cabbage is a very popular horticultural crop. But growing a good, large and tasty cabbage is sometimes very difficult, because it is often affected by a huge number of diseases and pests. The main role in the cultivation of this vegetable is played by regular prevention, which helps to get a rich harvest, and prevent the occurrence of diseases and the invasion of harmful insects. It is very important to start treatment as early as possible, otherwise there is a risk of spreading the infection to still unaffected plants.
