Pear Russian beauty (Beauty Chernenko)

The variety Russian Krasavitsa (Krasavitsa Chernenko) is an early autumn variety that brings large and very beautiful pears, which is why it got its name. Suitable for summer cottages and industrial cultivation. Fresh fruits are used for preserving, making juices and sweets.

The variety was created on the basis of the Federal Scientific Center named after I.V. Michurin by breeders A.P. Gribanovsky, S.F. Chernenko. The pear was obtained as a result of cross-pollination of the varieties Doch Blankova and Bere Ardanpon. The culture was included in the State Register in 1996.

The tree is vigorous, grows up to 5-6 m, the bark is smooth brown, the crown is narrow, sparse, pyramidal in shape. The branches grow vertically, they are of medium thickness, reddish brown, shiny, resilient and firm. Buds are chestnut, triangular in shape, larger fruit buds, small growth buds. The leaves are dark green, large, long, the leaf blade is pointed, slightly concave, the edges are finely serrated, the petiole is of medium length.

The tree blooms in late May - early June, the buds bloom first on perennial, then on annual shoots. The flowers are large, bisexual. The tree tends to grow upward. It can grow for about 50 years or more with quality care.

Fruits are large, weighing 150-200 g, can reach 300 g, have the shape of an elongated regular cone, lumpy, with a pleasant aroma. In the period of removable maturity, the color is greenish, on the sides it is slightly pink, when fully ripe it is yellow-green with a pronounced blush. The pulp is not very dense, dull white, juicy, melting. The skin is thin, with a barely noticeable bloom of wax. Seeds are dark brown, elongated. For transportation, it is recommended to remove pears a little unripe. High presentation, stored for up to 1.5 months in a cool dark place.

Moderately sweet taste with a slight sourness. The pulp contains sugar - 9.8%, ascorbic acid - 5.7% in 100 g. Tasting score - 4.3 points, according to other sources 4.8.

Fruiting for 7-8 years after planting. Ripening begins at the end of August, yellowing of the skin testifies to the onset of maturity. The fruits are recommended to be removed as they ripen for 5-7 days, with caution, since the skin is rather thin. The tree tends to yield more crops than it can handle. With a large harvest, the fruits become smaller.

In the first harvests, up to 50-60 kg are removed from one tree, after another 4 years - up to 80-140 kg. Fruiting lasts about 30 years, then gradually decreases.

The variety is recommended for planting in the Central Black Earth and Central regions of Russia. They are planted in the Lower Volga region, in the North Caucasus, in the Ukraine, in Belarus, Transnistria, Central Asia.

A self-fertile variety, it yields in a single planting, but to increase yields it is better to have pollinator varieties nearby: Lyubimets Yakovleva, Moskvichka, Lada Amurskaya, Bere Moskovskaya.

Prefers sunny areas, protected from wind and drafts. It is better to plant on the southern, southwestern or southeastern side, at a distance of 4-5 m from buildings, from trees - 5-6 m. Do not plant in lowlands and in places with close groundwater. The soil for planting should be loose and light, but clay substrates are also suitable. He loves slightly acidic soil, lime is added to very acidic ones.

Saplings are planted in a temperate climate in late April or early May, in the south - from late September to early October.

A pit for a two-year-old plant is made with a size of 80x70 cm, if the seedling is 3-4 years old, then the size is increased by 30 cm from the root volume of the plant. Open roots are soaked in water before planting.

3 buckets of water are poured into the pit, in one of them 2 tbsp are bred. l. dolomite flour. Then a mound is made from a mixture of garden soil, 2-3 buckets of fermented manure, superphosphate - 250 g, potassium sulfate - 3 tbsp. l. A support is stuck into the mound, a plant is placed next to it and the roots are distributed along the embankment. A tree in a container is planted with an earthen lump. The root neck is placed at a height of 6 cm from the surface. After planting, the seedling is watered and mulched, tied to a support.

The variety does not tolerate prolonged drought, with a lack of moisture, the skin of the fruit becomes tough and bitter, the leaves begin to turn yellow and dry out at the tips. With an excess of moisture or in a rainy summer, various diseases may appear.

Watered during the season 2-4 times, 30-40 liters of water under the tree. In hot and dry months, more often: the soil is not allowed to dry out deeper than 10-15 cm. It is obligatory to water during the formation of buds, then after flowering during the formation of ovaries, the last watering is carried out in the fall. It is considered to be water-charging, in the middle lane it is made in the last days of September.

Young trees are irrigated more often: every week, 10-15 liters. At the age of 5 years, pears are watered only once every 3 weeks for 20-25 liters. After watering, the land is loosened and mulched.

To obtain a high-quality harvest, they must be fed. In autumn, organic mixtures of 25-30 kg are poured into the ground under an adult pear (compost, humus, manure, chicken droppings), wood ash can be added - 700 g. Mineral compositions are used all season. Before flowering, make nitrate - 60 g or urea - 120 g. With the end of flowering, the crown is sprayed with a solution of 5% urea. In autumn, they are fed with superphosphate - 120 g and potassium chloride - 60 g. For young plants, the dose is reduced by 1.5 times.

The variety requires formative pruning. For the first time, it is carried out in the second year after disembarkation, before budding in April. 3-4 of the strongest branches are chosen and shortened by 30-35 cm, the main trunk is cut by 20-25 cm, the rest of the shoots are cut off completely. Then they are cut off annually, forming according to a sparse-tiered pattern. Fruiting trees need thinning pruning, and old trees need rejuvenating ones. Sanitary pruning can be done throughout the season, but no later than October.

In young trees, branches should be bent at an angle of 50-70 degrees, since they tend to grow vertically upward.A load is tied to the shoots, fixed with twine and pegs driven into the ground, spacers are placed.

The variety has a high immunity to scab. It is prone to get sick with powdery mildew, brown spot, fruit rot. For prophylaxis use Bordeaux liquid, the drug "Horus".

The pear tree attracts the sawfly, the gall mite, the pear tree, and the gall midge. Insecticides "Zolon", "Melation" are used against them. It is not recommended to plant next to a juniper: the plant is a carrier of many diseases.

The Russian beauty can withstand winter temperatures down to -20 degrees. In temperate climates, for a successful wintering, the trunk and branches are insulated. In autumn, the bark is covered with water-based paint to protect it from cracking and sunburn. A layer of mulch 15-20 cm thick is placed on the ground around the trunk, the trunk is wrapped with spruce branches or burlap. Often, the culture is grafted into more cold-resistant species.

Gardeners note that a young tree needs careful care, feeding and shelter for the winter, but it grows strong and gives a good harvest of sweet and juicy fruits. There is a positive experience of grafting the branches of a Russian beauty on a Moskvichka pear, the grafting begins to bear fruit for 3 years.