Pear Moskvichka

The Moskvichka variety is an unpretentious fruit tree that brings a stable harvest every year. An adult plant looks decorative: a straight trunk and a conical crown. The fruits are suitable for universal use - they are used fresh, for preparations for the winter, baking, desserts.

The variety appeared on the basis of the Russian State Agrarian University. K. A. Timiryazeva, authors are S. T. Chizhov, S. P. Potapov. The State Register was included in 2001.

The tree is not very tall - up to 4 m, is formed on a straight trunk. The root system is strongly branched horizontally, it does not penetrate deeply into the depths. The crown is conical, thickened. Branches are placed obliquely or vertically, of medium length, curved, smooth, grows moderately during the season.

The leaves are medium-sized, oval, with serrated edges, curved in the center, smooth, green in color. The pear blooms late. Flowers are small, white, cupped, collected in a brush of 5-7 pieces, not prone to shedding. Fruits are formed on perennial and annual shoots.

Fruits are medium in size, weighing 120-130 g, have the shape of a wide cone, the color is yellow-green, sometimes with a slight blush. The skin is dense, smooth, with subcutaneous punctures, there may be rusty spots on it. The pulp is juicy, oily, fine-grained, yellowish. Transportability is average, high presentation. Pears are stored for about a month at room temperature, up to 100 days in the refrigerator. If removed slightly unripe, they lie longer.

Dessert sweet and sour taste with a characteristic pear aroma. Sugar content - 9.5%, acid - 0.5%. Tasting score - 4 points.

Fruiting begins 3-4 years after planting. The crop is removed in autumn, in the second half of September. In favorable weather, it can ripen earlier. Has no tendency to shedding. Pears are recommended to be harvested 12-14 days before they are fully ripe and kept in a cool place, so they will last longer.

From 35 to 50 kg can be removed from the tree per season.

The pear is recommended for planting in Central Russia, the Volga-Vyatka and Middle Volga regions.

The variety is self-fertile, pears are necessarily planted nearby Lyubimitsa Yakovleva, Lada, Marble, Bergamot Moskovsky.

Loves sunny areas with a slight elevation or on a slope, the south or south-west side is suitable, protected from cold winds from the north and north-east. Prefers fertile substrates with good drainage or loamy, sandy loam and chernozem soils with neutral acidity or slightly acidic, but not alkaline.

Planting holes are dug 60 cm deep and 1 m wide; in sandy soil, the depth is 70-80 cm, and the width is 100 cm. Additional fertile mixtures are added to the poor soil, at least 6 kg per 1 sq. m, in clay - river sand and compost, in sandy - peat. A mixture of 2 buckets of humus, superphosphate (300 g) and potassium sulfide (100 g) is poured into the planting pits.The pit is prepared 3-4 weeks before planting.

Plants are placed at a distance of 4-7 meters from other fruit trees, including pollinators. Dried roots can be soaked in water for about 12 hours. Immediately before transferring to the soil, the roots are dipped in a mixture of liquid clay. The root collar is placed at a height of 3-5 cm. After planting, watered with 3 liters of water. The seedling is tied to a support, the soil is moistened regularly, loosened and mulched with straw. In the fall, the tree is completely covered.

The culture is recommended to be planted in late April or early October. Planting in the fall is less desirable as the trees may die during the winter months without having time to adapt. In the spring, a planting event is carried out only if the soil has warmed up well; in a cold spring, it makes sense to postpone it until the beginning of May. Closed-root trees can be planted throughout the season until October.

The variety does not tolerate drought and strong waterlogging of the soil. Water is watered 4-5 times throughout the season: before the leaves appear, then after flowering ends, during the period of fruit growth - in June and July. During periods of drought, additional irrigation is required in August.

3 to 5 buckets of water are poured under an adult tree. Young plants need 10-12 liters, but they are irrigated every week. You can water from a hose through a sprayer, the pear likes this artificial rain. After moistening, the soil is loosened to a depth of 10-12 cm and covered with a layer of mulch.

In November, it is recommended to carry out water-charging irrigation: per 1 sq. m - 85 liters.

They are fed 3-4 times per season: in early spring, organic and nitrogen mixtures are injected around the trunk, at the end of spring they are watered with an aqueous solution containing potassium, during the fruiting period, liquid organic fertilizing is used: bird droppings, infusion of cut grass or mullein. In autumn, superphosphate is embedded in the soil near the trunk, wood ash is scattered.

For the first two years, seedlings are fed only in the spring with a mullein solution.

An important step in caring for a fruit tree is pruning. The crown of Moskvichka can form itself as it grows, but annual pruning increases fruiting and stimulates the growth of new branches. The first pruning is carried out after rooting the seedling, the branches are cut by one third.

The crown can be formed according to a sparse-tiered scheme or according to the type of an improved bowl. The second method is simpler and is suitable even for novice gardeners, but the first option is chosen to create a beautiful landscape composition.

In addition, the variety needs the following types of pruning: regulating - in spring, supporting - in summer and regular sanitary.

At the end of the season in September, sanitary pruning is carried out: dried shoots are removed, and annuals are shortened by one third, leaving 3-5 buds on each. Places of cuts are treated with garden varnish, the trunk and main branches are covered with special paint or lime.

The variety is immune to scab and fruit rot. It can be affected by septoria, rust, bacterial cancer. To combat the disease, the preparations "Skor", "Horus" are used, they are treated at least 3 times.

Of the insects, the most dangerous are the pear moth, leafworm, green aphid, and pear honeydew. To combat insects, use the means "Kinmiks", "Iskra", "Aktara".

The culture is characterized by average winter hardiness, tolerates temperatures up to -20 degrees. In the middle lane, it is recommended to insulate with non-woven fabric. Unpretentious to soil, but does not grow in wetlands.

Ideal for the temperate continental zone of Russia, does not grow in the sharply continental and monsoon climates. It tolerates weather changes well.

According to those who planted the Moskvichka variety on their own plot, this is a good acquisition: the fruit tastes pleasant, the harvest is enough for food and for winter harvesting, neighboring species growing nearby began to bear fruit better. Some note that the tree grows for about 20 years and yields consistently, but if the branches begin to grow strongly upward, then the pears become smaller.