Pear Permyachka

Permyachka is an amazing culture, because it was created specifically for growing in a temperate climate, but with severe winter cold and abnormal weather conditions in summer. It is also surprising that it combines excellent winter hardiness with high yields, excellent qualities of pears and ease of care. As a matter of fact, culture is a godsend for many gardeners living in central Russia.

Summer culture of selection by L. A. Kotov and G. N. Tarasova (FGBNU Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences). The goal of the scientists was to create a hybrid that grows successfully in temperate and northern latitudes. At the same time, along with unpretentiousness to natural disasters, it had to be distinguished by decent harvests. This task was successfully solved by breeders. The perm, obtained by crossing the pears of Elena, Kosmicheskaya and Tyoma, was enrolled in the State Register in 2015. Recommended for cultivation in the Volga-Vyatka and Ural regions.

The culture is remarkable, especially for its growth rates, but there are other attractive aspects:

• if every year you do not subject multiple branches and shoots of a tree to pruning, then it reaches a height of 5 m and more;
• trees have thick trunks covered with gray-brownish bark, with unusual and branched crowns, powerful branches of which form a pyramid in configuration;
• shoots are thickened, rounded-faceted, red-brown tones, with slightly pubescent tops;
• back-pyramidal crowns, medium thickening;
• trees are intensely leafy, leaves are large, dark green shades, as if varnished, with sharp tips;
• the configuration of the leaves resembles a boat, and their edges are finely serrated;
• five-petal flowers, look beautiful, large, light, collected in inflorescences;
• flowering occurs in the first half of May and lasts up to 10 days;
• the fruiting process starts at 3-4 years of seedling growth;
• so many ovaries appear on plants that often the branches are deformed from the fruit mass.

The culture is medium-sized, perfectly capable of withstanding frosts, it can bring significant harvests in Siberia, but competent care is needed.

According to the authors, crop trees grow and develop rapidly, which requires timely pruning.

Of the advantages of culture, we point out the following:

• early ripening of pears;
• high degree of winter hardiness;
• tolerance to weather changes;
• high quality fruit;
• excellent immunity to diseases;
• good yield level.

Minuses:

• intensive growth and significant dimensions of trees;
• short shelf life;
• the need for additional pollination.

Permyachka bears fruit of excellent quality:

• pears reach significant sizes - from 160 to 280 g each;
• in configuration they are conical, slightly ribbed;
• unripe specimens are greenish, but in the course of maturation they acquire a basic yellowish-green color, sometimes there is some blush;
• fruits, as a rule, have numerous specks;
• the consistency is medium-dense, fine-grained, appetizing, pleasant light cream shades, covered with a rough peel, poorly felt during the meal;
• pears taste richly sweet, without foreign tastes;
• they are characterized by a significant content of sugars with a minimum level of acidity;
• the average tasting score is 4.1.

The time for the removable maturity of pears falls at the end of August (in the 20th) and lasts until the first days of September. The storage period for pears is up to 10 days.

By chemical composition, the fruits include: dry matter - 17.4%, sugars - 8.7%, acids - 0.2%, vitamin C - 10.2 mg%.

The pears taste sweet, with a medium typical aroma.

In terms of ripening of pears, the plants are late summer. The timing of fruit picking is the end of August and the beginning of September. The rate of early maturity is 3-4 years.

High-yielding culture - up to 220 kg / ha (more than 31 kg per tree).

The culture requires an additional pollination process, for this they usually use the Sverdlovchanka or Severyanka pear.

The planting process is an important point that requires knowledge and accuracy:

• plants love well-lit, dry places with fertile, light and loose soil, protected from the wind;
• groundwater should be at a depth of at least 3 meters from the soil surface;
• the selected area is subject to digging, weeding, fertilization;
• if the planting process falls in the spring, then the recess for the plant is prepared in the fall;
• when planting in the fall, the hole is prepared at the end of spring;
• the depth of the holes is at least 70 cm, and the diameter is about 1 m;
• about half of the hole is filled with fertile soil, including parts of humus, peat, wood ash and superphosphate;
• a small hill is created on top of such a mixture, where the tree is placed, along the way, carefully distributing its roots;
• in the future, the hole is filled up, and the soil near the tree is slightly compacted and abundantly irrigated with water;
• the near-stem space is mulched with peat, humus or rotted cow dung.

In terms of its content, care for the culture is of a standard nature.

1. Irrigation is carried out at least 4 times during the season. In dry periods, the intensity of irrigation is increased, but waterlogging should not be allowed - the culture does not like excess moisture.
2. The culture is sensitive to feeding, which should be added at least 4 times a season. In the spring, organic matter is introduced (humus, mullein or bird droppings). Before the flowering period, fertilizing with nitrogen-containing compounds is carried out, and after this period, potash and phosphorus compounds are introduced, in the fall - again organic matter.
3. The near-stem space of plants should be kept clean, constantly removing organic debris, freeing it from weeds. It is in these places that fungal spores, pathological microorganisms and pest larvae multiply.
4. For an intensive supply of oxygen to the roots, the soil near the plants must be systematically loosened.
5. It is important to follow the rules of annual pruning in order to avoid thickening of the crowns in plants.
6. In winter, the young are wrapped in burlap or covered with other material.

The culture has a reliable immunity to disease and pest attacks, but the likelihood of disease still exists, especially on wet and cloudy days. Such diseases include scab, fruit rot, rust, powdery mildew. The prevention of these diseases and the procedure for curing them is typical, as are the means of struggle used.

The culture is not guaranteed to be protected from harmful attacks and attacks of insect pests - aphids, winter moths, gall mites. In these cases, folk remedies and insecticides, as well as other drugs ("Fufanon", "Inta-Vir", "Decis") are used to combat them.

A significant quality of culture is the high level of its winter hardiness, however, for the Urals it will be considered average.