Apple tree Bayan

In Russia, there is a rather large zone of risky farming, where not everything can be grown, especially when it comes to the northern regions. Everyone's favorite apple trees hardly take root in the harsh climate and do not bear fruit well. The task of many breeders is to develop varieties adapted to cold regions that give a stable yield of tasty fruits. One of these varieties is Bayan's universal fast-growing apple tree. Its fruits are distinguished by good transportability and keeping quality.

The authors and originators are I.P. Kalinina, N.V. Ermakova, Z.S. Bayana was the result of crossing the Gornoaltayskoye and Belfleur-Kitayka hybrid, as well as the Altayskoye Purpurovoe variety. The work has been in progress since 1984. The variety was included in the State Register in 2007.

The Bayan apple tree is a medium-sized tree growing up to 4 meters, whose crown has a pyramidal shape up to 3.5 meters in diameter at its widest part. Straight, rather compact branches are covered with elongated leaves of medium size, which have a green color. The angle of divergence of branches from the trunk is 60 degrees. The geniculate shoots of medium thickness are covered with a weak edge and numerous small lenticels.

Many gardeners pay tribute to the Bayan variety, because it has some positive features that make it so attractive:

• high winter hardiness;
• early maturity and keeping quality;
• excellent health and good taste;
• good productivity for northern latitudes and self-fertility.

The disadvantage of the variety is considered to be weak fruiting during several vegetative seasons after planting young plants.

Bayana belongs to the slowly growing late autumn varieties - after the beginning of fruiting, the tree grows up to 15 cm per year or less. The height of growth, which is genetically incorporated into it, the tree will reach only by 10–12 years, a little earlier (9–11 years), it will begin to give the maximum yield, and the beginning of fruiting falls on 4–5 years. Full harvests can be obtained only for 8 years. Fruits ripen in 1-2 ten days of September, although much depends on the weather. The time for collection comes at the moment when a purple tint appears in the color.

The variety was purposefully bred for regions with cold climatic conditions. These are South, Western Siberia, the Urals and the Far East.

These indicators in the first four years from the beginning of fruiting are kept in the region of 4.1 t / ha, and from the age of eight they rise to 10.4 t / ha.

Greenish-yellow fruits with a purple shade of slightly ribbed round shape are covered with a rough dry skin with a waxy coating (pruin). Taste of apples according to tasters - 4.7; 4.5; 4.6 points. Weight - from 90 to 140 g.

Juicy pulp with a creamy shade has a pleasant sweet and sour taste, has a dense coarse-grained structure and a weak aroma. The composition of the fruits contains up to 17.67% of dry soluble substances, up to 14.14% of sugars, up to 0.53% of acids and up to 21.2 mg of vitamin C. The keeping quality of apples is up to 4 months.

For the Bayan apple tree, fertile loamy or sandy loam soils and sunny areas are needed. Planting is done both in spring and autumn. Spring activities are held before the buds begin to bloom. In the fall, plants are planted after the foliage has fallen off. In cold areas, planting is best done in the spring - the plant will have time to build up the root system and get stronger by the time of the onset of winter cold weather.

Before planting, prepare a standard pit 80x80 cm. The distance between the holes should be at least 3-4 m, in row spacing - 5 meters. The removed soil is filled with organic matter and mineral fertilizers. Nutrient Application Scheme:

• humus - 4 kg;
• superphosphate - 5 g;
• potassium sulfate - 50 g.

At the bottom of the hole, a drainage layer is arranged, then the earth is poured with a mound and the roots of the seedling are spread over it, after which the hole is buried and the soil is carefully shed. When choosing a location, it should be borne in mind that groundwater should not be higher than two meters. Crown formation and sanitary pruning help aeration, better access to the sun, which ultimately increases yields. The best method is to keep the branches the same length.

Despite the declared self-fertility of the variety, planting nearby varieties such as Vishnevoe, Bolotovskoye and others will help increase the percentage of ovary.

Mature trees are fed three times per season - in spring, summer and autumn. Substances such as superphosphate, potash fertilizers and organic matter (compost, humus, manure) are used.

The variety was bred for regions with a cold climate, therefore, it is highly frost-resistant.

Despite its high resistance to diseases, including scab, the apple tree requires preventive treatments with insecticides and fungicides. Careful observation of the garden is necessary to avoid cancer.