Plum Eurasia 21

Plum Eurasia 21 is a vigorous crop, the result of difficult work with several genotypes and varieties of plum, which fully justified itself with its fertility and productivity, early maturity, large and tasty fruits, as well as a high degree of frost resistance.

The unusual home culture was the result of a hybridization of La Crescenta, bred under the guidance of Professor Olderman (USA). In order to breed Eurasia 21, a number of other genotypes were used - East Asian, American, Chinese, as well as the Simona variety, cherry plum and homemade plum. The experiments were carried out by the Voronezh State Agrarian University by forces - its employees A. N. Venyaminov, A. G. Turovtseva. The work was carried out in the 80s of the last century. The culture does not appear in the State Register today. Recommended for growing in the Central Black Earth Region. Its fruits are intended for fresh use, for juices and drinks.

The culture is vigorous (up to 6 m). Crowns are small, spreading, mosaic structure, not thickened, bark is gray-brown. The foliage is large, greenish, elongated, with pointed tops and small denticles.

Of the advantages of culture, it is worth noting:

• high level of fertility and productivity;

• fairly high frost resistance;

• a good degree of resistance to a number of diseases and sabotage attacks;

• wonderful taste properties of fruits and their size;

• the possibility of long-term storage without loss of commercial qualities;

• early-growing qualities.

Minuses:

• height of trees;

• the need for planting pollinating plants in areas;

• taking into account fast-growing branches, the need for frequent pruning;

• susceptibility to klyasternosporiosis, fruit rot, moth and aphids.

• some looseness of consistency.

Fruits are large, round in shape, weighing 25-30 grams, burgundy color. The rind is thin, with an intense waxy coating.

The consistency is yellow-orange, juicy, fleshy, with a pleasant aroma. The seeds are medium in size, difficult to separate from the pulp.

The mass of individual fruits can reach 50 grams, but for such ripening, minimal rainfall and a warm climate are needed during flowering.

In terms of chemical composition, plums include: dry compositions -14.6%, sugars -7.02%, acids -2.7%.

With significant yields, it is better to keep the fruits in baskets or large boxes. Plums become sour during the freezing process.

The fruit tastes sweet and sour, with a typical aroma.

The culture is characterized by the quality of early maturity - the first harvest of fruits is possible for 4-5 years of growth. Ripening dates are early. The time of fruiting begins in the first 10 days of August.

The yield level is high - the average is 257 c / ha.

The culture is not self-fertile, you need to use cross-pollination. The best pollinators of Eurasia are Memory Timiryazev, Mayak, Renklod Kolkhozny.

The best time to plant a crop is early spring. It is usually planted in April. In warmer areas, it is more rational to plant it in the fall. At the same time, we recommend planting in the southern or southeastern part of the site on low elevations.

The culture develops poorly on sandy and clay soils. Soils with a high acidity level are not suitable for it either.

Apple trees, black currant bushes and various flowers are considered favorable neighbors.

Seedlings under the age of 2 years (preferably without damage and outgrowths) are selected for planting, and no more than 1.5 m in height, with a trunk thickness of about 1.3 cm, 3-4 branches and 4-5 roots about 30 cm.

Spring trees should have green and slightly enlarged buds. Saplings purchased in late autumn should be placed in a pre-prepared and shallow groove. The root part and the third part of the trunk are covered with soil, covering the top with spruce branches (protection from rodents).

The procedure for planting seedlings is traditional:

• in the fall, planting grooves are prepared 80 cm in diameter and 90 cm in depth;

• fertilize the soil with a mixture of humus, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and lime;

• in the spring, fertilize the soil again with two buckets of compost, 30 g of carbamide and 250 g of ash;

• the soil is loosened, and a planting mound is made at the bottom of the depression;

• add seedlings and pegs to them;

• covered with soil with humus and peat so that the area of ​​the root collar is located 35 cm above the soil;

• pour 20-30 liters of water into the hole;

• measure 60-70 cm from the ground and cut everything above;

• produce mulching.

The process of caring for a culture includes a number of typical activities, some of which have their own characteristics.

The exuberant growth of the branches of Eurasia 21 requires timely pruning.

1. The first pruning is done in September, when the trunk of the trees is shortened by 2/3, and the shoots on the sides by 1/3. This will facilitate the process of forming crowns in the future.

2. In the summer, the shoots are shortened by 20 cm.

3. In autumn and winter, old branches are removed, as well as branches damaged by pests and diseases.

The frequency of irrigation and the volume of water used directly depend on the maturity of the plants and precipitation:

• for young animals, up to 40 liters of water are needed once every 1.5 weeks;

• mature trees up to 60 liters once every 2 weeks.

Top dressing is carried out from the 3rd year of growth of seedlings, carrying them out 4 times a year (per 1 m2). They are traditional, as for all stone fruit crops.

Trees of Eurasia 21 are often subject to clasterosporiosis and moniliosis.As for the first disease, for the purpose of prevention, the culture is treated with a solution of copper oxychloride (about 30 g per bucket of water). Consumption - up to 2 liters. The procedure is carried out almost immediately after flowering. For preventive purposes, fallen leaves are eliminated, weeds are destroyed, timely and careful pruning is performed.

When signs of moniliosis appear, trees (in March and October) are sprayed with a solution of lime (2 kg per 10 liters). After removing the fruits, the branches and trunks must be treated with a solution of copper sulfate (10 g per 10 liters of water).

For the culture, the most dangerous attacks are plum sawfly, aphids and moths. To combat them, standard procedures are carried out.

In dry season, the culture does not behave quite steadily, often the fruits begin to fall off, and the foliage turns yellow.

The degree of frost resistance of Eurasia 21 is high. Trees can easily tolerate temperature drops down to –20 ° C. However, certain preparatory measures should be made:

• remove dead bark and moss;

• a mixture is applied to the cleaned up places on the trunks, including water, copper sulfate, lime and wood glue;

• wrap the barrel with burlap.

To protect against rodents, spruce branches, polymer mesh and fabric cuts moistened with turpentine or mint composition are used.